Study guides & exam resources

Florida §475.278 brokerage relationships: the transaction-broker presumption, single-agent notice, consent to transition, no dual agency, and §475.2755.

Florida §475.612 lets licensees perform a CMA, BPO, or price opinion for pay, but it may never be called or construed as an appraisal.

Florida property management needs a real estate license; managing a community association over 10 units or a $100k budget needs a CAM license under Ch. 468.

FREC Rule 61J2-10.025: every ad must show it is a licensee and name the licensed brokerage, with no false content and internet point-of-contact placement.

Texas mechanic's liens: constitutional art. XVI §37 vs. statutory Ch. 53, privity, the §53.254 homestead contract rules, and the §53.158 one-year deadline.

TRELA (Tex. Occ. Code Ch. 1101): §1101.351 license required, §1101.004 acting as broker, §1101.005 exemptions, entity licensure, and TREC discipline.

Tex. Fam. Code §5.001 requires spousal joinder to convey a Texas homestead — separate or community — plus §§3.001-3.003 character rules and narrow exceptions.

Texas DTPA remedies: the §17.46(b) laundry list, §17.50 producing cause and treble damages for knowing or intentional conduct, §17.505 60-day notice.

California FEHA housing discrimination under Gov. Code §12955: protected characteristics, source-of-income and Section 8 rule, CRD enforcement, Unruh link.

California Civil Code §1675 liquidated damages: the 3% burden-shifting threshold, §1677 separate-initial and type formalities, Guthman v. Moss voidability.

B&P §10032 lets CA brokers and salespersons elect independent contractor status, but §10032(a) and §10010.5 preserve public duties and broker liability.

B&P §10240 MLDS: three-business-day timing, §10241 content, three-year retention, §10240(c) federal alternative, and the separate §2956 arranger disclosure.

Florida Chapter 83 Part II: 3-day rent notice, 7-day cure/quit notices, §83.49 deposit rules (15-day return, 30-day claim), §83.57 termination notice periods.

Florida designated sales associate: commercial-only, $1M asset threshold, separate single agents from one brokerage; vs transaction broker and single agent.

Florida FDUTPA Ch. 501: deceptive/unfair practices, 3-element claim, §501.212 real estate licensee carve-out, §501.2075/§501.2077 penalties, 4-year limit.

Florida §627.7073(2)(c) sinkhole seller disclosure; catastrophic ground cover collapse vs sinkhole loss (§627.706); reports recorded with county clerk.

Texas trustee-sale process: §51.002 first Tuesday auction, 21-day notice, §51.002(d) 20-day cure notice for residential debt, §51.003 deficiency, §51.009 as-is.

Texas Property Code Subchapter D: §5.062 scope, §5.076 recording, §5.077 annual accounting statement, §5.081 right to convert, DTPA remedies. Colonias reforms.

Texas Property Code Ch. 301: TWC Civil Rights Division, 7 protected classes, substantial equivalency, §301.081 1-year admin, §301.151 2-year civil action.

Texas Property Code §13.001: pure notice state, BFP doctrine, actual vs constructive notice, quitclaim Threadgill doctrine, §13.006 SB 885 cure.

California's SLA: 5-lot trigger, notice of intention (§11010), public report types, §11018 denial grounds, HUD/OCRA interstate certification, key exemptions.

California trustee-sale process: pre-NOD contact, NOD (§2924), 90-day reinstatement, NTS (§2924f), HBOR, AB 2424 postponements, §2924m priority bids.

Costa-Hawkins exemptions & vacancy decontrol (§§1954.50-.535); AB 1482 statewide 5%+CPI rent cap; Prop 33 defeated; how the two statutes interact.

California broker trust funds: 3-business-day rule (B&P §10145 / CCR §2832), uncashed check exception, recordkeeping, commingling, DRE audit findings.

Florida estoppel certificates §718.116(8) + §720.30851: 10-business-day turnaround, DBPR 5-yr fee adjustments ($299 base 2022), SB 398 (2017) framework.

Florida MRTA Ch. 712: 30-year root of title, §712.03 exceptions, HOA CCR preservation/revitalization, Save Calusa governmental-approval exclusion.

Florida Constitution Art. X §4: creditor exemption from forced sale, descent/devise restrictions, distinct from Art. VII §6 tax exemption and Save Our Homes.

Florida judicial foreclosure Ch. 702: §702.015 note certification, §702.10 show cause, §45.031 sale, deficiency §702.06, no post-sale redemption.

Texas DTPA §17.49(i) broker/salesperson exemption: 3 exception categories, parallel §17.49(c) professional-services exemption, §17.505 notice, remedies.

Texas §1-d-1 open-space appraisal Tax Code §§23.51-23.60: qualifying use, 5-of-7 year test, HB 1743 (2019) 3-year/5% rollback, wildlife management.

Texas eminent domain Property Code Ch. 21: §21.0111 disclosure, §21.0112 Landowner's Bill of Rights, §21.0113 bona fide offer, §21.047 costs, jury trial.

Texas groundwater rule of capture (Houston v. East 1904), Water Code Ch. 36 GCDs, permits, spacing, production limits, Day (2012) constitutional protection.

California Commissioner discipline under B&P §§10175-10185: §10176 vs §10177 distinction, APA hearing procedure, sanctions, CCP §1094.5 review.

California Proposition 19: parent-child exclusion §63.2 with $1.044M inflation-adjusted cap, base year transfer §69.6 (3 lifetime, anywhere in CA).

California Davis-Stirling Act §§4000-6150: document hierarchy, board meetings, records, reserves, assessments, resale disclosure §4525.

California Mello-Roos §§53311-53368.3: §53341.5 subdivider notice with 3/5-day rescission, §1102.6b resale disclosure, §53754 parallel.

Florida Real Estate Recovery Fund under §§475.482-.484: $50,000 per-transaction and $150,000 per-licensee caps, exclusions, automatic license suspension.

Florida Vacation Plan and Timesharing Act (Chapter 721): 10-calendar-day cancellation (§721.10), public offering statement (§721.07), contract terms (§721.06).

Florida flood disclosure §689.302 as amended 2025: three required items, standalone form, delivery at or before contract, seller and licensee remedies.

Florida Greenbelt Law §193.461: bona fide agricultural classification, DR-482 filing, 3x sale presumption, no rollback tax, appeal to VAB.

Texas condominium resale under Property Code §82.157: 14 required certificate items, 10-day association response, TREC 30-17 and 32-5 forms.

Texas POA resale certificate under §207.003: 10 business day delivery, 60-day preparation window, §5.012 HOA notice, TREC 37-5 and 20-18 forms.

Texas MUD Notice to Purchaser under Water Code §49.452: required content, pre-binding delivery, TREC Form 59-0, buyer termination remedies.

Texas mineral rights severance, dominant mineral estate, accommodation doctrine, TREC Form 44-3 (2023) reservation addendum in residential contracts.

California Civil Code §1624 Statute of Frauds for real estate: writing requirements, one-year lease exception, part performance, electronic signatures.

CA seismic disclosures: Alquist-Priolo (PRC §2621.9) fault rupture vs Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (PRC §2694) liquefaction/landslide, NHD Statement delivery.

California broker visual inspection duty under CC §2079 (Easton v. Strassburger): what it covers, standard of care, TDS interaction, statute of limitations.

California supplemental property tax under R&T §75: how bills are calculated, timing after closing, PCOR filing, and escape assessments distinguished.

Florida deed warranties under Chapter 689 — §689.02 general warranty deed, §689.025 statutory quitclaim deed, special warranty, five common-law covenants.

Florida licensee ethics — Chapter 475 (FL Real Estate License Law), §475.25 discipline grounds, §475.42 violations, FREC 61J2 rules, sanctions from citation to revocation.

Florida CDDs under Chapter 190 — non-ad-valorem assessments outside homestead/Save Our Homes, §190.048 disclosure requirement, central FL practice, parallel to CA Mello-Roos.

Florida adverse possession under Chapter 95 — §95.16 color of title and §95.18 without color of title, DR-452 return filing, 2011 reforms, tax-payment requirement.

Texas adverse possession under Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§16.024-16.028: four statutory periods, elements, color of title, tax payment, cultivation/enclosure.

Texas deed warranties under Property Code §§5.022-5.030 — General Warranty, Special Warranty, Deed Without Warranties, implied covenants, quitclaim caveats.

TREC's Chapter 531 Canons of Professional Ethics — Fidelity, Integrity, Competency — and the conduct rules on discriminatory practices and IABS notice.

Texas property tax protest under Tax Code §41.41 — grounds, May 15 deadline, ARB hearing, CAD burden of proof, appeal paths to court, arbitration, SOAH.

California's two-tier real estate licensing: salesperson (sponsored, 70%) vs broker (independent, 75%) — education, exam, experience, trust-fund authority.

California's NHDS under Civ. Code §1103 covers six hazard zones — FEMA flood, dam inundation, fire severity, wildland, Alquist-Priolo faults, seismic hazard.

California's Megan's Law database notice (Civ. Code §2079.10a) and stigmatized property safe harbor (Civ. Code §1710.2 three-year rule, HIV/AIDS exclusion).

California's three-layer fair housing law: federal FHA, FEHA (Gov. Code §12955), and Unruh Civil Rights Act (Civ. Code §51) — protected classes, enforcement.

Complete California real estate exam guide: DRE licensing structure, 135-hour pre-license education, 150-question salesperson and 200-question broker exams, and the California-specific topics (TDS, agency disclosure, Proposition 13) that dominate the test.

California Proposition 13 framework under Cal. Const. Art. XIII A: 1% rate cap, 2% annual assessed value increase cap, base year value, change-of-ownership reassessment, Prop 8 temporary downward reassessment, and the Proposition 19 (2020) parent-child transfer and base-year-value transfer changes.

California agency framework under Civ. Code §2079.13-§2079.24: three statutory categories (seller's agent, buyer's agent, dual agent), the Disclose/Elect/Confirm three-step protocol, dual-agency informed consent and confidentiality limits, and associate-licensee structure.

California TDS framework under Civ. Code §1102 et seq.: residential 1-4 unit seller disclosure requirements, three-day/five-day mail/five-day electronic rescission for late delivery, exempt transactions, AVID under §2079, and Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement integration.

California Department of Real Estate (DRE) licensing under Bus. & Prof. Code §10000 et seq.: salesperson and broker license paths, pre-license education (3 courses / 8 courses), exam requirements (70% / 75%), Recovery Account under §10470, and the 4-year renewal cycle with 45 hours of CE.

Texas real estate license renewal: 2-year cycle, 18-hour CE differing for sales agents (4+4+3+7) vs brokers (4+4+6 Broker Responsibility+3+1) effective Jan 1, 2026 under SB 1968, SAE for first renewal, and reactivation pathways.

How the current TREC residential contract paragraph 5 handles option fee and earnest money: 5:00 p.m. local-time termination deadline, escrow-agent delivery, option fee vs earnest money distinction, and §5.008 interaction.

Texas replaced dual agency with intermediary status (TRELA §1101.559): written consent, neutrality, the appointed-associate option, and confidential-info rules.

The Texas IABS form is required at first substantive communication (TRELA §1101.558). The 2026 SB 1968 update, non-representation status, and website-posting duty.

How Florida's property-tax system works for real estate transactions: just value, assessed value, taxable value, the SOH cap, millage, TRIM notices, Value Adjustment Board appeals, and tangible personal property tax.

Florida community association law for licensees: HOA disclosure under Ch. 720, condominium resale under Ch. 718, cooperative law under Ch. 719, estoppel certificates, milestone inspections, and SIRS requirements.

How the FAR/BAR As-Is Residential Contract works in Florida: inspection period, escrow handling, default remedies, financing contingencies, and disclosures.

Florida's homestead framework: $50,000 tax exemption, unlimited creditor protection, forced-heirship restrictions, Save Our Homes 3% assessment cap, and $500K portability — and how each affects real estate transactions.

TREC broker supervision under 22 TAC §535.2: written scope of authorized activities, trust funds under §535.146, written delegation of supervisors, §535.157 2-calendar-day response rule, designated broker for entities.

Texas seller financing disclosure: §5.016 7-day notice for lien-encumbered sales; Subchapter D (§§5.061-5.085) executory contract cascade — §5.069 property condition with DTPA/rescission remedy, §5.070 tax/insurance, §5.071 financing terms.

Texas homestead protection under Constitution Art. XVI §§50-52: 10-acre urban / 200-acre rural caps, constitutionally listed lien categories including §50(a)(6) home equity and §50(a)(7) reverse mortgages, natural persons only.

Texas seller's disclosure notice under Property Code §5.008: TREC Form 55-1 (formerly OP-H), 11 exemptions under §5.008(e), 7-day buyer termination under §5.008(f) for late delivery, §5.008(c) carve-out for deaths and HIV/AIDS.

Florida renewal (§475.182): 45-hour post-license (60 for brokers), then 14 hours CE every 2 years — 3 Core Law + 3 Ethics + 8 specialty. Plus reactivation rules.

Florida fair-housing compliance under the federal Fair Housing Act + Florida Ch. 760: 7 protected classes, Mrs. Murphy exemption (§3603(b)(2)), 55+ housing exemption (§3607(b)(2)), 42 USC §1981/§1982 race protections.

Florida broker escrow rules (FAC 61J2-14): 3 business days to deposit, 15 to notify FREC of conflicting demands, 30 to start one of 4 settlement procedures.

Florida's seller disclosure duty comes from Johnson v. Davis and statutes — radon (§404.056), flood (§689.302), coastal (§161.57), property tax (§689.261). §689.25 exempts homicide/suicide/HIV from disclosure.

In Texas, the sponsoring broker is legally responsible for supervising sponsored sales agents. What TREC Rule 535.2 and TRELA §1101.803 require — in plain English.

Step-by-step Texas eviction under Property Code Chapter 24 as amended by SB 38 (effective January 1, 2026) and the rewritten TRCP Rule 510 — 3-day notice, expanded delivery, justice court possession only, rent into registry.

Texas Business and Commerce Code §26.01 requires real estate contracts and leases over one year in writing. Tex. Occ. Code §1101.806(c) covers commission agreements. Plus Property Code §5.021 and the partial-performance exception.

Senate Bill 1968, effective January 1, 2026, removed subagency from TRELA, created non-representation status under §1101.562, and required written buyer agreements under §1101.563. Plus the new IABS 1-2 form.

Florida real estate exam passing standard (75 points), 24-hour retake wait, no retake limit, and why the 21-day rule is a review deadline, not a retake wait. Updated for 2026.

Florida's three brokerage relationships (§475.278): transaction broker, single agent, and no brokerage relationship — and why Florida bans dual agency.

Step-by-step requirements for a Florida real estate sales associate license — 18+ age, 63-hour Course I, 70% end-of-course exam, 75% state exam, post-license. Updated for 2026.

How the Florida Real Estate Commission (FREC) and Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) divide regulatory duties for licensees. Updated for 2026.

Everything you need to know about the Florida real estate sales associate licensing exam — 100 questions, 75% to pass, 3.5 hours, FREC/DBPR jurisdiction. Updated for 2026.

Landlord-tenant law for the Texas real estate exam. Texas Property Code Chapter 92, the security deposit timeline, the bad-faith penalty, the repair duty, and required security devices.

Survey and legal descriptions for the Texas real estate exam. Metes and bounds, lot and block, the rectangular survey system, and why Texas uses land grants and abstract numbers.

TREC Rule 535.146 sets Texas broker trust-account rules: the deposit deadline, sales-agent restrictions, and what counts as commingling. What the exam tests.

Lead-based paint disclosure for the Texas real estate exam. The pre-1978 trigger, Title X Section 1018, seller obligations, the 10-day inspection period, and TREC form OP-L.

Listing agreements for the Texas real estate exam. Exclusive right to sell, exclusive agency, and open listings, required terms, and the TREC net-listing rule.

Homestead exemption and property tax for the Texas real estate exam. Taxing units, taxable value, the school-district exemption, and age-65 and disability rules.

Title insurance for the Texas real estate exam. Owner and lender policies, what a title search covers, the regulated premium, and common exam questions.

Deeds and title transfer for the Texas real estate exam. General warranty, special warranty, and quitclaim deeds, required elements, and how title passes.

How Texas real estate commission splits work: listing vs buyer-broker splits, agent splits, brokerage models, and the commission math the exam tests.

Master earnest money for your Texas real estate exam. How it differs from the option fee, escrow handling, disputes, default remedies, and TREC contract specifics.

The Texas option period buys the buyer an unrestricted right to terminate. Option fee vs earnest money, timing, default remedies, and TREC contract specifics.

Master Texas property disclosure requirements for your real estate exam. The Seller’s Disclosure Notice, exemptions, material defects, and TREC compliance with scenarios.

Master Texas real estate license law for the TREC exam. Sponsorship rules, advertising requirements, escrow handling, license discipline, and the Real Estate License Act explained.

Master TREC contract contingencies for the Texas Real Estate Exam. Financing, inspection, title, appraisal, and option period contingencies explained with timing rules and exam patterns.

Master Texas real estate fiduciary duties for the TREC exam. The six duties explained with real scenarios, plus how Texas agency law applies to listing agents, buyer's agents, and intermediaries.

Master area math for the Texas Real Estate Exam. Step-by-step formulas for square footage, lot size, acreage, and price-per-square-foot — with worked TREC exam examples.

You need 70% on both the national and state portions to pass the Texas real estate exam. How TREC scoring works, pretest items, and what counts as a pass.

TREC requires agents to use promulgated (mandatory) contract forms. Which forms, when each is required, and the common exam questions — with practice.

Texas exam proration, step by step: formulas for property-tax, rent, and HOA prorations with worked TREC exam examples you can practice.

Master commission math for the Texas Real Estate Exam. Step-by-step formulas, split calculations, and worked examples for every TREC commission question type.

Failed the Texas real estate exam and struggling to stay motivated? This is a practical guide for getting back on track — without minimizing what you're feeling or pretending it's easy.

Failed the Texas real estate exam twice? You have one attempt left before TREC requires 30 more education hours. Exactly what to do to pass the third try.

There's no fixed waiting period to retake the Texas real estate exam — you reschedule through Pearson VUE. After 3 fails, TREC requires 30 more education hours.

Is Texas a dual agency state? No — Texas uses intermediary brokerage. How intermediary differs from dual agency, what TRELA requires, and why it trips up candidates.

How to reschedule the Texas real estate exam through Pearson VUE — deadlines, fees, the 24-hour rule for retakes, and what happens if you no-show. Step by step.

How to read your Pearson VUE Texas real estate score report — what proficient, marginal, and not proficient mean, and how to plan your retake or confirm a pass.

Fail the Texas real estate exam 3 times and TREC requires 30 more education hours (60 if both portions). What happens next — and how to pass the retake.

Most candidates need 2–3 weeks of focused practice before retaking the Texas real estate exam — not a full course restart. How to plan targeted review.

Common mistakes that cost Texas real estate candidates the exam. Underprepared state portion, no practice questions, ignored score reports — what to do instead.

Build a focused study plan to retake the Texas real estate exam. How to use your score report, switch modalities, drill weak areas, and time your retake.

Texas real estate exam pass rates from TREC provider reporting. First-time pass rate generally hovers in the mid-50% range. Why state portion fails most candidates.

How to retake the Texas real estate exam after a fail: Pearson VUE rescheduling, retake fees, the eligibility window, and the 3-attempt rule.

Texas real estate exam FAQ — pass rates, fees, ID requirements, timing, calculators, retakes and license steps. Clear answers for 2026 TREC candidates.

Adaptive study targets your weak topics on the Texas real estate exam. Learn the research behind spaced repetition, diagnostics, and confidence tracking.

Master the math on the Texas real estate exam — prorations, commissions, area, T-method, and more. Worked examples, formulas, and study strategy 2026.

TX real estate exam: 80 scored national (150 min) + 40 scored state (90 min), both require 70% independently. What each covers and why state is harder.

Texas real estate exam free practice test: Contracts, Agency, Financing math, and TREC contract form questions with full answer explanations. 2026 guide.

Texas real estate exam tips from top scorers: blueprint study, state section strategy, math practice, timed practice exams, and exam day preparation. 2026.

Best Texas real estate exam study materials 2026: free Pearson VUE handbook, practice questions, TREC contract forms, and what you do not need to purchase.

Texas real estate exam 8-week study schedule: week-by-week plan covering national topics, Contracts, Agency, TREC forms, practice exams, and final review.

Texas Real Estate Exam blueprint 2026: national vs state sections, question counts, topic weights, passing scores, and where to focus your study time.

How to pass the Texas real estate exam on your first attempt: blueprint study strategy, math prep, TREC contract forms, and timed practice exams. 2026.

How long does it take to get a Texas real estate license? Full timeline: 180-hour coursework, TREC application, exam prep, and broker sponsorship. 2026.

The Pearson VUE Texas Real Estate candidate handbook, summarized: exam format, ID requirements, testing-center rules, scoring, and retake policy for 2026.

Step-by-step guide to getting a Texas real estate license in 2026 — 180-hour education, TREC REALM Portal application, fingerprinting, Pearson VUE exam, and broker sponsorship.

Texas real estate license costs in 2026: $185 TREC fee, $43 exam, $38.25 fingerprinting, plus education ($300–$1,000+). The full budget breakdown.

Texas real estate exam day: what ID to bring, calculator rules, the national + state structure, timing, and how results work. Everything to expect.

Complete guide to applying for a Texas real estate license in 2026 — REALM Portal application, application fee ($185), exam fee ($43), and fingerprinting ($38.25), eligibility notice, Pearson VUE exam, and sponsoring broker.

The most effective study strategy for the Texas real estate licensing exam — what to study first, how many practice questions to do, and what first-time passers do differently.

Texas real estate license requirements: 180 hours of education, TREC application, background check, the exam, and a sponsoring broker. The full 2026 guide.

The Texas real estate exam is harder than most candidates expect. Here is where people fail, what the pass rates look like, and what first-time passers do differently.

Everything you need to know about the Texas real estate licensing exam — structure, topics, passing score, how to qualify, and how to prepare. Updated for 2026.

Failed the Texas real estate exam? Here is exactly what to do — how to read your score report, how retakes work, the 3-attempt rule, and how to build a targeted study plan.

Texas contracts exam prep — TREC promulgated forms, the option period, earnest money, listing agreements, contingencies, and the §5.008 Seller's Disclosure Notice.

Master Texas agency rules for the licensing exam — intermediary brokerage under TRELA, the IABS form, fiduciary duties, and the 2026 SB 1968 updates.

Texas real estate math exam prep — commission calculations, proration, area and acreage, LTV and DTI, GRM and cap rate, and tax math under time pressure.

Texas real estate laws and compliance for the licensing exam — TRELA, TREC rules, Fair Housing, trust accounts, Property Code Chapter 92, and homestead protections.

Texas leasing and property management exam prep — Property Code Chapter 92, security deposits, required security devices, the bad-faith withholding penalty, and management duties.

Texas property ownership exam prep — estates in land, community property, deeds and easements, the Texas land-grant system, and required property disclosures.

Texas property valuation exam prep — the three approaches to value, CMA vs. BPO vs. appraisal, GRM and cap rate, depreciation types, and highest and best use.

Texas real estate finance exam prep — conventional/FHA/VA loans, LTV and DTI ratios, APR, the Texas homestead lending limits, and commission math.

Texas closing exam prep — TRID timing, the Loan Estimate vs. Closing Disclosure, deed types, title insurance, escrow, and tax proration in a state that pays in arrears.

Free Texas real estate agency and intermediary practice questions — fiduciary duties, IABS disclosure, Texas intermediary rules, and appointed associates. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate closing and settlement practice questions — title insurance, deed types, TRID, prorations, and escrow. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate finance practice questions — mortgage types, LTV, DTI, TRID, FHA, VA, and Texas homestead lending rules. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate contracts practice questions — TREC forms, option period, earnest money, listing agreements, and addenda. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate laws and compliance practice questions — TRELA, TREC rules, Fair Housing, ADA, earnest money, and Recovery Trust Account. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate leasing practice questions — lease types, security deposits, eviction rules, landlord duties, and property management licensing. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate math practice questions — commission calculations, LTV, prorations, cap rate, GRM, and area calculations. 200+ questions with step-by-step solutions.

Free Texas real estate property valuation practice questions — sales comparison, cost approach, income approach, depreciation, and appraisal principles. 300+ questions with full explanations.

Free Texas real estate property ownership practice questions — estates in land, joint tenancy, Texas homestead, community property, easements, and zoning. 300+ questions with full explanations.